Glaucoma is not a single clinical disease. It is a combination of ocular conditions that result in damage to the optic nerve head, loss of the visual field, and blindness.
Most forms of glaucoma begin with increased intraocular pressure, followed by optic nerve damage and an eventual loss of side vision. Glaucomatous vision loss is permanent, but with early intervention and prevention, visual loss can be minimized.
Anyone can be diagnosed with glaucoma. However, researchers have found several factors that put patients more at risk.
Although younger people can develop glaucoma, the risk greatly increases after age 45.
Someone with a close family history of glaucoma is three to six times more likely to develop the disease, especially those with a family history of pigmentary glaucoma or juvenile glaucoma.
Patients who have a history of diabetes mellitus, vasospasm, or high blood pressure also have a higher risk of developing glaucoma.
Glaucoma is not confined to a specific race. However, glaucoma is the number one cause of blindness in African Americans. Research shows glaucoma has an earlier onset in African Americans by 10 years, and it is more aggressive and more resistant to treatment than in other populations.
African Americans are four times more likely to develop open angle glaucoma than Caucasians, while Asians are more prone to develop angle closure glaucoma. Caucasians are more likely to develop pigmentary glaucoma.
These eye conditions may put you more at risk for developing glaucoma:
The most difficult cases of glaucoma may require laser or conventional surgery. For most types of glaucoma, prescription medication is the first line of therapy.
Compare glaucoma medicationsThe Glaucoma Foundation is a not-for-profit organization dedicated to researching cures for glaucoma and helping people avoid the tragedy of blindness—which can now be prevented in 90 percent of glaucoma cases with early detection.
The Glaucoma Research Foundation
The mission of the Glaucoma Research Foundation (GRF) is to protect the sight and independence of people with glaucoma through research and education, with the ultimate goal of curing glaucoma. The GRF provides information and resources on glaucoma research programs and glaucoma-related issues.
Gleams is a newsletter with information about glaucoma published quarterly by the Glaucoma Research Foundation. Gleams is available in print, on the Gleams website, and in audio for those qualified to research “free matter for the blind.”
BrightFocus supports research to end “diseases of mind and sight.” Since the National Glaucoma Research program began in 1978, BrightFocus has awarded nearly $31 million to support research projects on the causes and potential prevention and treatment of glaucoma.
